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Public health. Perinatal mortality (PNM) is the death of a fetus or neonate and is the basis to calculate the perinatal mortality rate. [1] Perinatal means "relating to the period starting a few weeks before birth and including the birth and a few weeks after birth." [2]
Maternal–fetal medicine (MFM), also known as perinatology, is a branch of medicine that focuses on managing health concerns of the mother and fetus prior to, during, and shortly after pregnancy. Maternal–fetal medicine specialists are physicians who subspecialize within the field of obstetrics. [1] Their training typically includes a four ...
H&E stain. Specialty. Pediatrics. Intrauterine hypoxia (also known as fetal hypoxia) occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen. It may be due to a variety of reasons such as prolapse or occlusion of the umbilical cord, placental infarction, maternal diabetes (prepregnancy or gestational diabetes) [ 1] and maternal smoking.
Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday. [ 1 ] The occurrence of infant mortality in a population can be described by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births. [ 1 ] Similarly, the child mortality rate, also known as the under-five ...
Neonatal infections are infections of the neonate (newborn) acquired during prenatal development or within the first four weeks of life. [1] Neonatal infections may be contracted by mother to child transmission, in the birth canal during childbirth, or after birth. [2] Neonatal infections may present soon after delivery, or take several weeks ...
Perinatal asphyxia. Perinatal asphyxia (also known as neonatal asphyxia or birth asphyxia) is the medical condition resulting from deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm, usually to the brain. It remains a serious condition which causes significant mortality and morbidity.
Child mortality is the death of children under the age of five. [2] The child mortality rate (also under-five mortality rate) refers to the probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age expressed per 1,000 live births. [3] It encompasses neonatal mortality and infant mortality (the probability of death in the first year of ...
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also known as surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), [2] and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs. It can also be a consequence of neonatal ...