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Pioneer 12. Pioneer 12 was the twelfth mission of the Pioneer program. It was a designation given to two different missions: Pioneer H, a planned mission to the Sun that was canceled and resulted in the spacecraft being put in the Air and Space Museum as a replica of the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 probes. Pioneer Venus Orbiter, a mission to ...
The Pioneer programs were two series of United States lunar and planetary space probes exploration. The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to investigate interplanetary space between the orbits of Earth and Venus.
The Pioneer Venus Orbiter, also known as Pioneer Venus 1 or Pioneer 12, was a mission to Venus conducted by NASA as part of the Pioneer Venus project. Launched in May 1978 atop an Atlas-Centaur rocket, the spacecraft was inserted into an elliptical orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978. It returned data from Venus until October 1992. [2] [4]
Pioneer (military) 1886 cigarette card depicting a pioneer of the Austro-Hungarian Army. A pioneer (/ ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪər /) is a soldier employed to perform engineering and construction tasks. The term is in principle similar to sapper or combat engineer. Pioneers were originally part of the artillery branch of European armies.
Pioneer 11 →. Pioneer 10 (originally designated Pioneer F) is a NASA space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter. [6] Pioneer 10 became the first of five planetary probes and 11 artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System.
Pioneer H. Reconstructed full-scale mock-up Pioneer 10 / 11 spacecraft at the National Air and Space Museum. Pioneer H was a proposed space probe for the US Pioneer program. If it had been approved, it would have been launched in 1974 and have been designated Pioneer 12; that designation was later applied to the Pioneer Venus Orbiter .
Purpose. Pioneers 6, 7, 8, and 9 were created to make the first detailed, comprehensive measurements of the solar wind, solar magnetic field and cosmic rays. They were designed to measure large scale magnetic phenomena and particles and fields in interplanetary space. Data from the vehicles have been used to better understand stellar processes ...
Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5, 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, the solar wind, and cosmic rays. [2] It was the first probe to encounter Saturn, the second to fly through the asteroid belt, and the second to fly by Jupiter.
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