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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or electroshock therapy (EST) is a psychiatric treatment during which a generalized seizure (without muscular convulsions) is electrically induced to manage refractory mental disorders. [1] Typically, 70 to 120 volts are applied externally to the patient's head, resulting in approximately 800 milliamperes of ...
Management of depression is the treatment of depression that may involve a number of different therapies: medications, behavior therapy, psychotherapy, and medical devices. Depression is a symptom of some physical diseases; a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments; and a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder ...
Family Therapy or Education, which addresses the whole family system of an individual with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, may be beneficial, at least if the duration of intervention is longer-term. [ 127 ] [ 128 ] [ 129 ] A 2010 Cochrane review concluded that many of the clinical trials that studied the effectiveness of family interventions were ...
Relapse prevention (RP) is a cognitive-behavioral approach to relapse with the goal of identifying and preventing high-risk situations such as unhealthy substance use, obsessive-compulsive behavior, sexual offending, obesity, and depression. [1] It is an important component in the treatment process for alcohol use disorder, or alcohol ...
The emphasis of the treatment of bipolar disorder is on effective management of the long-term course of the illness, which can involve treatment of emergent symptoms. Treatment methods include pharmacological and psychological techniques. Bipolar disorder is a serious and debilitating mental health disorder, which causes patients to experience ...
Before the 20th century, observations of the relationship between mental health and the physical body began to take place in the world of psychiatry. Between 1917 and 1934, there were developments in treating mental illnesses by physical means. Eventually by 1938, ECT was first used in Italy by neurologist Ugo Cerletti to treat schizophrenia.
Shock therapy describes a set of techniques used in psychiatry to treat depressive disorder or other illnesses. It covers multiple forms, such as inducing seizures or other extreme brain states, or acting as a painful method of aversive conditioning. [1] Two types of shock therapy are currently practiced: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), in ...
Max Fink. Maximilian Fink (born January 16, 1923) is an American neurologist and psychiatrist best known for his work on ECT (electroconvulsive therapy). His early work also included studies on the effect of psychoactive drugs on brain electrical activity; his later work has included books about the syndromes of catatonia and melancholia ...
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