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absolute dating. The process of determining a specific date (in years or some other unit of time) for an archaeological, geological or paleontological site or artifact. accident. A sudden discontinuity of ground, such as a fault of great thickness, bed or lentil of unstable ground. [1] accretion.
This glossary of geography terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in geography and related fields, including Earth science, oceanography, cartography, and human geography, as well as those describing spatial dimension, topographical features, natural resources, and the collection, analysis, and visualization of geographic data.
Sound – A long, relatively wide body of water, connecting two larger bodies of water. Spit – Coastal bar or beach landform deposited by longshore drift. Strait – Naturally formed, narrow, typically navigable waterway that connects two larger bodies of water. Strandflat – Type of landform found in high-latitude areas.
The geologic time scale is a way of representing deep time based on events that have occurred throughout Earth's history, a time span of about 4.54 ± 0.05 Ga (4.54 billion years). [5] It chronologically organises strata, and subsequently time, by observing fundamental changes in stratigraphy that correspond to major geological or ...
S. Sag pond. Sector collapse. Series (stratigraphy) Stage (stratigraphy) Strike-slip fault. Subaerial. Subbasin. System (stratigraphy)
Antiquity. In the year 540 BC, Xenophanes described fossil fish and shells found in deposits on mountains. Similar fossils were noted by Herodotus (about 490 BC). [2][3][4] Some of the first geological thoughts were about the origin of the Earth. Ancient Greece developed some primary geological concepts concerning the origin of the Earth.
A geological event is a temporary and spatially heterogeneous and dynamic (diachronous) happening in Earth history that contributes to the transformation of Earth system and the formation of geological strata. Event stratigraphy was first proposed as a system for the recognition, study and correlation of the effects of important physical or ...
Protolith. A protolith (from Ancient Greek πρωτο (prōto) 'first' and λίθος (líthos) 'stone') is the original, unmetamorphosed rock from which a given metamorphic rock is formed. [1][2] For example, the protolith of a slate is a shale or mudstone. Metamorphic rocks can be derived from any other kind of non-metamorphic rock and thus ...