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  2. Croissant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croissant

    Croissant. A croissant (UK: / ˈkrwʌsɒ̃, ˈkrwæsɒ̃ /, [1] US: / krəˈsɒnt, krwɑːˈsɒ̃ /; French: [kʁwasɑ̃] ⓘ) is a French pastry made from puff pastry in a crescent shape. [2] It is a buttery, flaky, viennoiserie pastry inspired by the shape of the Austrian kipferl, but using the French yeast-leavened laminated dough. [3]

  3. Puff pastry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puff_pastry

    Puff pastry, also known as pâte feuilletée, is a flaky light pastry made from a laminated dough composed of dough (détrempe) and butter or other solid fat (beurrage). The butter is put inside the dough (or vice versa), making a paton that is repeatedly folded and rolled out before baking. The gaps that form between the layers left by the fat ...

  4. Pastry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastry

    Pastry refers to a variety of doughs (often enriched with fat or eggs), as well as the sweet and savoury baked goods made from them. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] These goods are often called pastries as a synecdoche, and the dough may be accordingly called pastry dough for clarity. [ 4 ] Sweetened pastries are often described as bakers' confectionery.

  5. History of bread - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bread

    Egyptian Museum, Turin. Bread was central to the formation of early human societies. From the Fertile Crescent, where wheat was domesticated, cultivation spread north and west, to Europe and North Africa, and east toward East Asia. This in turn led to the formation of towns, which curtailed nomadic lifestyles, and gave rise to more and more ...

  6. Anna Mangin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Mangin

    Anna M. Mangin made a major contribution to everyday domesticated household needs in the 19th century. Her invention was the pastry fork. [1] According to her husband Andrew Mangin, Anna first came up with the concept of a simplified manner of making pastry by an improvement to the pastry fork, and "then and there described it to him.

  7. Sourdough - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourdough

    Sourdough is a stable culture of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mixture of flour and water. Broadly speaking, the yeast produces gas (carbon dioxide) which leavens the dough, and the lactic acid bacteria produce lactic acid, which contributes flavor in the form of sourness.

  8. Vienna bread - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_bread

    Kaisersemmel or Imperial roll. In the 19th century, for the first time, bread was made only from beer yeast and new dough rather than a sourdough starter. The first known example of this was the sweet-fermented Imperial "Kaiser-Semmel" roll of the Vienna bakery at the Paris International Exposition of 1867. [2]

  9. Baking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baking

    Baking is a method of preparing food that uses dry heat, typically in an oven, but can also be done in hot ashes, or on hot stones. The most common baked item is bread, but many other types of foods can be baked. [1] Heat is gradually transferred "from the surface of cakes, cookies, and pieces of bread to their center, typically conducted at ...