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Very few studies have been conducted on clenbuterol with human subjects (likely due to the potential risks involved). “There are serious health risks when taking clenbuterol including heart ...
Clenbuterol. Clenbuterol is a sympathomimetic amine used by sufferers of breathing disorders as a decongestant and bronchodilator. People with chronic breathing disorders such as asthma use this as a bronchodilator to make breathing easier. It is most commonly available as the hydrochloride salt, clenbuterol hydrochloride.
A three-year suspension for taking clenbuterol kept sprinter Katrin Krabbe from competing in the 1992 Summer Olympics, and effectively ended her athletic career. [90] [91] In 2006, San Francisco Giants pitcher Guillermo Mota, while a member of the New York Mets, received a 50-game suspension after testing positive for clenbuterol. [92]
Propranolol is a medication of the beta blocker class. [2] It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors, [2] [3] [4] as well to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. [2]
The use of performance-enhancing drugs (doping in sport) is prohibited within the sport of athletics.Athletes who are found to have used such banned substances, whether through a positive drugs test, the biological passport system, an investigation or public admission, may receive a competition ban for a length of time which reflects the severity of the infraction.
Long-acting β adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs) are beta-adrenergic agonists usually prescribed for moderate-to-severe persistent asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). LABAs are designed to reduce the need for shorter-acting β 2 agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), as they have an approximately twelve-hour duration of ...
Post-exertional malaise (PEM), sometimes referred to as post-exertional symptom exacerbation (PESE) [1] or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), [2] is a worsening of symptoms that occurs after minimal exertion. It is the hallmark symptom of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and common in long COVID and ...
While riding for Astana in the 2010 Tour de France, Contador tested positive for clenbuterol, a bronchodilator and stimulant specifically banned by UCI anti-doping rules. Due in large part to the tiny amount of the substance present in his urine sample, 50 picograms per milliliter, Contador believed the positive was the result of eating ...