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56,700 (2015) Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani and characterized by muscle spasms. In the most common type, the spasms begin in the jaw, and then progress to the rest of the body. Each spasm usually lasts for a few minutes. Spasms occur frequently for three to four weeks. [1]
Clostridium tetani. Flügge, 1881. Clostridium tetani is a common soil bacterium and the causative agent of tetanus. Vegetative cells of Clostridium tetani are usually rod-shaped and up to 2.5 μm long, but they become enlarged and tennis racket - or drumstick-shaped when forming spores. C. tetani spores are extremely hardy and can be found ...
Paronychia is an inflammation of the skin around the nail, which can manifest suddenly, often due to the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, or gradually, typically caused by the fungus Candida albicans. [2][3][4] The term originates from Greek παρά (para) 'around' and ὄνυξ (onyx) 'nail'. [5][6] Risk factors for paronychia include ...
The initial surgical approach is typically a partial avulsion of the nail plate known as a wedge resection or a complete removal of the toenail. [1] If the ingrown toenail recurs despite this treatment, destruction of the germinal matrix with phenol is recommended. [1] As an alternative, one may use 10% sodium hydroxide which is less toxic [2 ...
Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotic compounds that have a common basic structure and are either isolated directly from several species of Streptomyces bacteria or produced semi-synthetically from those isolated compounds. [1] Tetracycline molecules comprise a linear fused tetracyclic nucleus (rings designated A, B, C and D ...
Green nail syndrome is an infection that can develop in individuals whose hands are frequently submerged in water resulting in discolouration of the nails from shades of green to black. [3][4] It may also occur as transverse green stripes that are ascribed to intermittent episodes of infection. [3] It is usually caused by the bacteria ...
Agnail, Stepmother's blessing. The bottom finger has a hangnail. Specialty. Dermatology. A hangnail is a small, torn piece of skin next to a fingernail or toenail, related to ingrown nails, [1] or even a small, torn piece of nail separated from the main nail. Hangnails are typically caused by having dry skin, or by trauma to the fingers.
Ingrown nail. An ingrown nail, also known as onychocryptosis from Greek: ὄνυξ (onyx) 'nail' and κρυπτός (kryptos) 'hidden', is a common form of nail disease. It is an often painful condition in which the nail grows so that it cuts into one or both sides of the paronychium or nail bed.