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A mushroom cloud is a distinctive mushroom -shaped flammagenitus cloud of debris, smoke, and usually condensed water vapour resulting from a large explosion. The effect is most commonly associated with a nuclear explosion, but any sufficiently energetic detonation or deflagration will produce a similar effect.
Samuel Glasstone and Philip J. Dolan, The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, Third Edition, United States Department of Defense & Energy Research and Development Administration Available Online; Nuclear Emergency and Radiation Resources; Outrider believes in the power of an informed, engaged public.
Condensation cloud. A transient condensation cloud, also called a Wilson cloud, is observable surrounding large explosions in humid air. When a nuclear weapon or high explosive is detonated in sufficiently humid air, the "negative phase" of the shock wave causes a rarefaction of the air surrounding the explosion but not of the air contained ...
A full ordnance program for gun-design development was established by March 1943, with expertise provided by E.L. Rose, an experienced gun designer and engineer. Work was begun to study the properties of barrels, internal and external ballistics, and tampers of gun weapons. Oppenheimer led aspects of the effort, telling Rose that "at the ...
Dr William G. Penney used "kT" in his article on the nuclear explosive yields at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 1970. Penney's paper is cited in Glasstone & Dolan (ENW 1977), although they only use it for the source of the yields of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Penney had issues with the 1962/4 edition of Glasstone, and these are ...
No part of this book may be transmitted or reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Developmental Editor: John Barstow Editorial Director: Shay Totten Project Manager: Emily Foote Copy Editor: Nancy Crompton Fact-checker: Mary Fratini Book Designer: Peter Holm Printed in Canada on recycled paper.
So yes, include the below reference and get rid of the 2005 book as the main reference that copied it, as it is not freely available for readers to read, Glasstone & Dolan's book is more accessible. Glasstone, Samuel; Dolan, Philip J., eds. (1977), ""Chapter VII — Thermal Radiation and Its Effects", The Effects of Nuclear Weapons (Third ed ...
An electromagnetic pulse is a short surge of electromagnetic energy. Its short duration means that it will be spread over a range of frequencies. Pulses are typically characterized by: The mode of energy transfer (radiated, electric, magnetic or conducted). The range or spectrum of frequencies present.