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Discontinuities of monotone functions. In the mathematical field of analysis, a well-known theorem describes the set of discontinuities of a monotone real-valued function of a real variable; all discontinuities of such a (monotone) function are necessarily jump discontinuities and there are at most countably many of them.
A function that is not monotonic. In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory.
The set of all points of discontinuity of a function may be a discrete set, a dense set, or even the entire domain of the function. The oscillation of a function at a point quantifies these discontinuities as follows: in a removable discontinuity, the distance that the value of the function is off by is the oscillation; in a jump discontinuity ...
Thomae's function. Point plot on the interval (0,1). The topmost point in the middle shows f (1/2) = 1/2. Thomae's function is a real -valued function of a real variable that can be defined as: [1]: 531. It is named after Carl Johannes Thomae, but has many other names: the popcorn function, the raindrop function, the countable cloud function ...
In the mathematical field of real analysis, the monotone convergence theorem is any of a number of related theorems proving the good convergence behaviour of monotonic sequences, i.e. sequences that are non- increasing, or non- decreasing. In its simplest form, it says that a non-decreasing bounded -above sequence of real numbers converges to ...
Bounded variation. In mathematical analysis, a function of bounded variation, also known as BV function, is a real -valued function whose total variation is bounded (finite): the graph of a function having this property is well behaved in a precise sense. For a continuous function of a single variable, being of bounded variation means that the ...
Dirichlet–Jordan test. In mathematics, the Dirichlet–Jordan test gives sufficient conditions for a real -valued, periodic function f to be equal to the sum of its Fourier series at a point of continuity. Moreover, the behavior of the Fourier series at points of discontinuity is determined as well (it is the midpoint of the values of the ...
Riemann integral. Appearance. hide. The integral as the area of a region under a curve. A sequence of Riemann sums over a regular partition of an interval. The number on top is the total area of the rectangles, which converges to the integral of the function. The partition does not need to be regular, as shown here.