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The gusset plate is welded to a beam, and then two or three columns, beams, or truss chord are connected to the other side of the gusset plate through bolts or rivets or welds. [3] A uniform force bracing connection connects a beam, column, and one other member. The gusset plate is bolted to the column and welded to the beam.
Beam-column joint connections are a common structural weakness in dealing with seismic retrofitting. Prior to the introduction of modern seismic codes in early 1970s, beam-column joints were typically non-engineered or designed. Laboratory testings have confirmed the seismic vulnerability of these poorly detailed and under-designed connections.
Prestressed beam without load. Prestressed beam with load. Prestressed concrete is a form of concrete used in construction. It is substantially "prestressed" (compressed) during production, in a manner that strengthens it against tensile forces which will exist when in service. [1][2]: 3–5 [3] It was patented by Eugène Freyssinet in 1928.
A buckling-restrained brace (BRB) is a structural brace in a building, designed to allow the building to withstand cyclical lateral loadings, typically earthquake-induced loading. It consists of a slender steel core, a concrete casing designed to continuously support the core and prevent buckling under axial compression, and an interface region ...
The king post is the central, vertical member of the truss. Crown posts in the nave roof at Old Romney church, Kent, England. A king post (or king-post or kingpost) is a central vertical post used in architectural or bridge designs, working in tension to support a beam below from a truss apex above (whereas a crown post, though visually similar, supports items above from the beam below).
Traditional timber framing is the method of creating framed structures of heavy timber jointed together with various joints, commonly and originally with lap jointing, and then later pegged mortise and tenon joints. Diagonal bracing is used to prevent "racking", or movement of structural vertical beams or posts. [ 14 ]
Exact details for post-to-truss connections vary from designer to designer, and may be influenced by post type. Solid-sawn timber and glulam posts are generally notched to form a truss bearing surface. The truss is rested on the notches and bolted into place. A special plate/bracket may be added to increase connection load transfer capabilities.
[6] [a] Sometimes a Palladian truss is defined as a compound truss with a queen post and king post truss in the same assembly. [7] The queen post truss and the king post truss may be combined, by using the straining beam of the queen post truss as the tie beam for a king post truss above. [8] Such combinations are known as compound trusses.