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Active fault. An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years. [1]
A fault plane is the plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault. A fault trace or fault line is a place where the fault can be seen or mapped on the surface. A fault trace is also the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault. [3] [4] A fault zone is a cluster of parallel faults.
A fracture zone is a linear feature on the ocean floor—often hundreds, even thousands of kilometers long—resulting from the action of offset mid-ocean ridge axis segments. They are a consequence of plate tectonics. Lithospheric plates on either side of an active transform fault move in opposite directions; here, strike-slip activity occurs.
Terrane. In geology, a terrane (/ təˈreɪn, ˈtɛreɪn /; [1][2] in full, a tectonostratigraphic terrane) is a crust fragment formed on a tectonic plate (or broken off from it) and accreted or "sutured" to crust lying on another plate. The crustal block or fragment preserves its distinctive geologic history, which is different from the ...
Anderson's theory of faulting. Anderson's theory of faulting, devised by Ernest Masson Anderson in 1905, is a way of classifying geological faults by use of principal stress. [1][2] A fault is a fracture in the surface of the Earth that occurs when rocks break under extreme stress. [3] Movement of rock along the fracture occurs in faults.
The earthquake cycle refers to the phenomenon that earthquakes repeatedly occur on the same fault as the result of continual stress accumulation and periodic stress release. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Earthquake cycles can occur on a variety of faults including subduction zones and continental faults. [ 3 ][ 4 ] Depending on the size of the earthquake, an ...
The latter fault scarp (white line at the base of the tan hills) was formed in the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake. A fault scarp is a small step-like offset of the ground surface in which one side of a fault has shifted vertically in relation to the other. [1][2] The topographic expression of fault scarps results from the differential erosion of ...
The Philippine Fault System is a major inter-related system of geological faults throughout the whole of the Philippine Archipelago, [ 1 ] primarily caused by tectonic forces compressing the Philippines into what geophysicists call the Philippine Mobile Belt. [ 2 ] Some notable Philippine faults include the Guinayangan, Masbate and Leyte faults.