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  2. Parallelogram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallelogram

    The area of the parallelogram is the area of the blue region, which is the interior of the parallelogram. The base × height area formula can also be derived using the figure to the right. The area K of the parallelogram to the right (the blue area) is the total area of the rectangle less the area of the two orange triangles. The area of the ...

  3. Area of a circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_of_a_circle

    For a polygon with 2n sides, the parallelogram will have a base of length ns, and a height h. As the number of sides increases, the length of the parallelogram base approaches half the circle circumference, and its height approaches the circle radius. In the limit, the parallelogram becomes a rectangle with width π r and height r.

  4. Planimeter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planimeter

    A planimeter (1908) measuring the indicated area by tracing its perimeter. Amsler polar planimeter. A linear planimeter. Wheels permit measurement of long areas without restriction. Three planimeters: digital, Prytz's (hatchet) and Amsler's (polar) Prytz planimeter with wheel at the left. The Amsler (polar) type consists of a two-bar linkage.

  5. List of second moments of area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_second_moments_of_area

    I z ≈ 2 π r 3 t {\displaystyle I_ {z}\approx 2\pi r^ {3}t} . I z {\displaystyle I_ {z}} is the second polar moment of area. A filled circular sector of angle θ in radians and radius r with respect to an axis through the centroid of the sector and the center of the circle. I x = ( θ − sin ⁡ θ ) r 4 8 {\displaystyle I_ {x}=\left (\theta ...

  6. Varignon's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varignon's_theorem

    An arbitrary quadrilateral and its diagonals. Bases of similar triangles are parallel to the blue diagonal. Ditto for the red diagonal. The base pairs form a parallelogram with half the area of the quadrilateral, A q, as the sum of the areas of the four large triangles, A l is 2 A q (each of the two pairs reconstructs the quadrilateral) while that of the small triangles, A s is a quarter of A ...

  7. Circumference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumference

    Circumference = π × diameter = 2 π × radius. In geometry, the circumference (from Latin circumferens, meaning "carrying around") is the perimeter of a circle or ellipse. [ 1 ] The circumference is the arc length of the circle, as if it were opened up and straightened out to a line segment. [ 2 ] More generally, the perimeter is the curve ...

  8. Area of a triangle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_of_a_triangle

    Taking L to be the x-axis, the line integral between consecutive vertices (x i,y i) and (x i+1,y i+1) is given by the base times the mean height, namely (x i+1 − x i)(y i + y i+1)/2. The sign of the area is an overall indicator of the direction of traversal, with negative area indicating counterclockwise traversal.

  9. Area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area

    Area is the measure of a region 's size on a surface. The area of a plane region or plane area refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while surface area refers to the area of an open surface or the boundary of a three-dimensional object. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to ...