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Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), also known as neonatal aspiration of meconium, is a medical condition affecting newborn infants. It describes the spectrum of disorders and pathophysiology of newborns born in meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and have meconium within their lungs.
The syndrome develops in about 20% of human pregnancies continuing past the expected delivery date. [ 3 ] Features of post-maturity syndrome include oligohydramnios (a deficiency of amniotic fluid ); [ 4 ] meconium aspiration (breathing meconium in the amniotic fluid); and macrosomia (being overly large).
Perinatal asphyxia (also known as neonatal asphyxia or birth asphyxia) is the medical condition resulting from deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm, usually to the brain.
Postterm pregnancy is when a woman has not yet delivered her baby after 42 weeks of gestation, two weeks beyond the typical 40-week duration of pregnancy. [1] Postmature births carry risks for both the mother and the baby, including fetal malnutrition, meconium aspiration syndrome, and stillbirths. [2]
Amnioinfusion is a method in which isotonic fluid is instilled into the uterine cavity.. It was introduced in the 1960s as a means of terminating pregnancy and inducing labor in intrauterine death, but is currently used as a treatment in order to correct fetal heart rate changes caused by umbilical cord compression, indicated by variable decelerations seen on fetal heart rate monitoring.
Pleural effusions can also develop, which are also seen with meconium aspiration but not with respiratory distress syndrome. [2] The lungs may also appear hyperinflated. [5] It is a diagnosis of exclusion as it is a benign condition that can have symptoms and signs similar to more serious syndromes, such as respiratory distress or meconium ...
Disability development is related to the activation of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) when the fetus is exposed to infected amniotic fluid or other foreign entities. [ 4 ] [ 12 ] This systemic response results in neutrophil and cytokine release that can impair the fetal brain and other vital organs.
Infant respiratory distress syndrome is a common complication of neonatal infection, a condition that causes difficulty breathing in preterm neonates. Respiratory distress syndrome can arise following neonatal infection, and this syndrome may have long-term negative consequences.