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Murray argued that environmental factors play a role in how psychogenic needs are displayed in behavior. He used the term "presses" to describe external influences on motivation that may influence an individual's level of a need as well as their subsequent behavior. [1] [2] The "press" of an object is what it can do for or to the subject.
[4] [5] The hierarchy of needs developed by Maslow is one of his most enduring contributions to psychology. [6] The hierarchy of needs remains a popular framework and tool in higher education, [7] [8] business and management training, [9] sociology research, healthcare, [10] [11] counselling [12] and social work. [13]
The process of stress management is a key factor that can lead to a happy and successful life in modern society. [citation needed] Stress management provides numerous ways to manage anxiety and maintain overall well-being. There are several models of stress management, each with distinctive explanations of mechanisms for controlling stress.
According to Schunk (2012), Lev Vygotsky who was a Russian psychologist and was a major influence on the rise of constructivism, believed that self-regulation involves the coordination of cognitive processes such as planning, synthesizing and formulating concepts (Henderson & Cunningham, 1994); however, such coordination does not proceed independently of the individual's social environment and ...
Motivational states have different degrees of strength. If a state has a high degree then it is more likely to influence behavior than if it has a low degree. [4] Motivation contrasts with amotivation, which is a lack of interest in a certain activity or a resistance to it. [5]
Conversely, the "tend-and-befriend" reaction refers to the tendency of women to protect their offspring and relatives. Although these two reactions support a genetic basis to differences in behavior, one should not assume that in general females cannot implement "fight-or-flight" behavior or that males cannot implement "tend-and-befriend" behavior.
Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory is a stress theory that describes the motivation that drives humans to both maintain their current resources and to pursue new resources. [1] This theory was proposed by Dr. Stevan E. Hobfoll in 1989 as a way to expand on the literature of stress as a construct. [1]
Drive reduction theory, developed by Clark Hull in 1943, is a major theory of motivation in the behaviorist learning theory tradition. [1] "Drive" is defined as motivation that arises due to a psychological or physiological need. [2] It works as an internal stimulus that motivates an individual to sate the drive. [3]