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Modulo 2, every integer is a quadratic residue. Modulo an odd prime number p there are (p + 1)/2 residues (including 0) and (p − 1)/2 nonresidues, by Euler's criterion.In this case, it is customary to consider 0 as a special case and work within the multiplicative group of nonzero elements of the field (/).
The M2.3.2 system was made for Audi's turbo 20V 5-cylinder engines mainly, but a variant was also used on the Audi 32V 3.6L V8 and a few Audi 32V 4.2 V8 engines. The turbo 5 cylinder version was the first time knock and boost control had been introduced in one ECU, though the ECU was really two computers in one package.
Trusted Platform Module ( TPM) is an international standard for a secure cryptoprocessor, a dedicated microcontroller designed to secure hardware through integrated cryptographic keys. The term can also refer to a chip conforming to the standard ISO/IEC 11889. Common uses are to verify platform integrity (to verify that the boot process starts ...
Harmonic number. The harmonic number with (red line) with its asymptotic limit (blue line) where is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. In mathematics, the n -th harmonic number is the sum of the reciprocals of the first n natural numbers: [1] Starting from n = 1, the sequence of harmonic numbers begins: Harmonic numbers are related to the ...
Section modulus is a geometric property of a given cross-section used in the design of beams or flexural members. Other geometric properties used in design include: area for tension and shear, radius of gyration for compression, and second moment of area and polar second moment of area for stiffness. Any relationship between these properties is ...
The BMW B38 is a 1.2 and 1.5 L (1,198 and 1,499 cc) turbocharged straight-three DOHC petrol engine, which replaced the straight-four BMW N13.Production started in 2013. It is part of a modular BMW engine family, of straight-three (B38), straight-four and straight-six alloy block and head petrol engines, [1] which use a displacement of 400 cc (24.4 cu in) per cylinder in the 1.2 and 500 cc (30. ...
2.2 GPa (0.32 Mpsi) (value increases at higher pressures) Methanol 823 MPa (at 20 °C and 1 Atm) Solid helium: 50 MPa (approximate) Air 142 kPa (adiabatic bulk modulus [or isentropic bulk modulus]) Air 101 kPa (isothermal bulk modulus) Universe (space-time) 4.5 × 10 31 Pa (for typical gravitational wave frequencies of 100Hz) [8]
The internal driver supports full Level 2 PostScript constructs and a large subset of Level 3 constructs. PDF support includes transparency, encryption, and a large set of the PDF 1.5 specification including layers (OCG), as well as PDF/X -3, [ 2 ] including interactive PDFs form fields, annotations, and bookmarks.