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Bloody show or show is the passage of a small amount of blood or blood-tinged mucus through the vagina near the end of pregnancy.It is caused by thinning and dilation of the cervix, leading to detachment of the cervical mucus plug that seals the cervix during pregnancy and tearing of small cervical blood vessels, [1] and is one of the signs that labor may be imminent. [2]
1–2 cm 3–4 cm 5+cm Dilation is a measure of how open the cervical os is. It is usually the most important indicator of progression through the first stage of labour. Dilation is measured by way of a digital cervical exam with the care providers fingers.
Some of these efforts are: emphasizing a long latent phase of labor is not abnormal and not a justification for C-section; a new definition of the start of active labor from a cervical dilatation of 4 cm to a dilatation of 6 cm; and allowing women who have previously given birth to push for at least 2 hours, with 3 hours of pushing for women ...
Time may also be provided for labor to begin spontaneously. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In those 24 to 34 weeks of gestation without complications corticosteroids and close observation is recommended. [ 2 ] A 2017 Cochrane review found waiting generally resulted in better outcomes in those before 37 weeks. [ 5 ]
Labor induction is the procedure where a medical professional starts the process of labor (giving birth) instead of letting it start on its own. Labor may be induced (started) if the health of the mother or the baby is at risk. Induction of labor can be accomplished with pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical methods. [1]
The latent stage, when the cervix is dilated less than 3–5 cm along with regular contractions, can last as long as 20 hours without being considered prolonged. The active stage, when regular contractions are accompanied with dilation greater than 3–5 cm, can also be significantly long, with anything less than 11.7 hours being considered ...
Dilation and evacuation can be offered for the management of second trimester miscarriage if skilled providers are available. [6] Some women choose D&E over labor induction for a second trimester loss because it can be a scheduled surgical procedure, offering predictability over labor induction, or because they find it emotionally easier than undergoing labor and delivery.
Obstructed labor is more common in humans than any other species and continues to be a main cause of birth complications today. [12] Modern humans have morphologically evolved to survive as bipeds, however, bipedalism has resulted in skeletal changes that have consequently narrowed the pelvis and the birth canal. [ 13 ]