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Bronisław Kasper Malinowski (Polish: [brɔˈɲiswaf maliˈnɔfskʲi]; 7 April 1884 – 16 May 1942) was a Polish [a] anthropologist and ethnologist whose writings on ethnography, social theory, and field research have exerted a lasting influence on the discipline of anthropology.
Franz Boas was born on July 9, 1858, [30] in Minden, Westphalia, the son of Sophie Meyer and Feibes Uri Boas. Although his grandparents were observant Jews , his parents embraced Enlightenment values, including their assimilation into modern German society.
Salvage ethnography is the recording of the practices and folklore of cultures threatened with extinction, including as a result of modernization and assimilation. It is generally associated with the American anthropologist Franz Boas; [1] he and his students aimed to record vanishing Native American cultures. [2]
Historical particularism (coined by Marvin Harris in 1968) [1] is widely considered the first American anthropological school of thought.. Closely associated with Franz Boas and the Boasian approach to anthropology, historical particularism rejected the cultural evolutionary model that had dominated anthropology until Boas.
Boas had a large group of students who dominated the first generation of professional anthropologists in the United States, and went on to found many of the earliest anthropology departments in the country. [13] Among the prominent students of Boas who became exponents of Boasian anthropology were:
Another important application of Boas was the four field discipline of anthropology in which he proclaimed that all sub-fields together were needed to paint an accurate picture of anthropological research. [7] Other anthropologists made contributions to early modern anthropology, like Bronislaw Malinowski, Margaret Mead, and Ruth Benedict.
In essence, ethnoscience is a way of classifying cultural systems in a structured order to better understand the culture. The roots of ethnoscience can be traced back to influential anthropologists such as Franz Boas, Bronislaw Malinowski, and Benjamin Whorf who attempted to understand other cultures from an insider's perspective.
Franz Boas (ca 1915, age 57) Boas went on to point out that, at the time of publication, many Americans had begun to discuss the problems faced by young people (particularly women) as they pass through adolescence as "unavoidable periods of adjustment". Boas felt that a study of the problems faced by adolescents in another culture would be ...