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Step 2 alone creates undesirable aliasing (i.e. high-frequency signal components will copy into the lower frequency band and be mistaken for lower frequencies). Step 1, when necessary, suppresses aliasing to an acceptable level. In this application, the filter is called an anti-aliasing filter, and its design is
The Goertzel algorithm is a technique in digital signal processing (DSP) for efficient evaluation of the individual terms of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). It is useful in certain practical applications, such as recognition of dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) tones produced by the push buttons of the keypad of a traditional analog telephone.
Fig.5: Graph of frequency aliasing, showing folding frequency and periodicity. Frequencies above f s /2 have an alias below f s /2, whose value is given by this graph. Two complex sinusoids, colored gold and cyan, that fit the same sets of real and imaginary sample points when sampled at the rate ( f s ) indicated by the grid lines.
The highest frequency in the spectrum is half the width of the entire spectrum. The width of the steadily-increasing pink shading is equal to the sample-rate. When it encompasses the entire frequency spectrum it is twice as large as the highest frequency, and that is when the reconstructed waveform matches the sampled one.
The individual frequency-shifted copies of the original transform are called aliases. The frequency offset between adjacent aliases is the sampling-rate, denoted by f s. When the aliases are mutually exclusive (spectrally), the original transform and the original continuous function, or a frequency-shifted version of it (if desired), can be ...
The one-dimensional form of ESPRIT can be applied if the weights have the form , = (), whose phases are integer multiples of some radial frequency. This frequency only depends on the index of the system's input, i.e. k {\textstyle k} .
Range aliasing occurs when reflections arrive from distances that exceed the distance between transmit pulses at a specific pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Range ambiguity resolution is required to obtain the true range when the measurements are made using a system where the following inequality is true.
Instantaneous phase and frequency are important concepts in signal processing that occur in the context of the representation and analysis of time-varying functions. [1] The instantaneous phase (also known as local phase or simply phase ) of a complex-valued function s ( t ), is the real-valued function: