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Free-piston engine used as a gas generator to drive a turbine. A free-piston engine is a linear, 'crankless' internal combustion engine, in which the piston motion is not controlled by a crankshaft but determined by the interaction of forces from the combustion chamber gases, a rebound device (e.g., a piston in a closed cylinder) and a load device (e.g. a gas compressor or a linear alternator).
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a form of internal combustion in which well-mixed fuel and oxidizer (typically air) are compressed to the point of auto-ignition. As in other forms of combustion , this exothermic reaction produces heat that can be transformed into work in a heat engine .
The bulk of a typical gasoline consists of a homogeneous mixture of hydrocarbons with between 4 and 12 carbon atoms per molecule (commonly referred to as C4–C12). [11] It is a mixture of paraffins ( alkanes ), olefins ( alkenes ), napthenes ( cycloalkanes ), and aromatics .
Carbon/hydrogen ratio by weight 8.1 weight % carbon 61.2 weight % hydrogen 4.3 weight % oxygen: 7.4 weight % sulfur 3.9 weight % nitrogen 1.2 weight % ash: 12.0 weight % moisture: 10.0 Combustion air: Excess combustion air, % 12 15 20 Wet exhaust flue gas: Amount of wet exhaust gas, m 3 /GJ of fuel 294.8 303.1 323.1
Carbon dioxide is also removed and to ensure that an appropriate amount of carbon dioxide remains, a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide may be used for the sparging gas. [ 3 ] Purging and blanketing: The removal of oxygen from the headspace above the wine in a container by flushing with a similar gas mixture to that used for sparging is ...
A 1965 report suggested synthesizing methanol from carbon dioxide in air using nuclear power for a mobile fuel depot. [62] Shipboard production of synthetic fuel using nuclear power was studied in 1977 and 1995. [63] [64] [65] A 1984 report studied the recovery of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel plants. [66]
At that point, the sorbent is introduced with 95 °C (203 °F) heat in a desorption cycle to drive out the high-purity carbon dioxide that can be used during the conversion step of the blue crude generation process. The atmospheric carbon dioxide capturing process has 90% of energy demand in the form of low-temperature heat and the rest from ...
Carbon dioxide is the lasing medium in a carbon-dioxide laser, which is one of the earliest type of lasers. Carbon dioxide can be used as a means of controlling the pH of swimming pools, [139] by continuously adding gas to the water, thus keeping the pH from rising. Among the advantages of this is the avoidance of handling (more hazardous) acids.