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Samarium (II) iodide is a one-electron reductant, and typically effects reduction through a series of electron transfer and proton transfer (from protic solvent) steps. [ 4 ][ 3 ] Reducible functional groups include: α-Functionalized carbonyl compounds. Ketones and aldehydes. Carboxylic acids (under strongly acidic or basic conditions) Organic ...
Desulfonylation reactionsare chemical reactions leading to the removal of a sulfonylgroup from organic compounds. As the sulfonyl functional group is electron-withdrawing,[1]methods for cleaving the sulfur–carbon bonds of sulfones are typically reductive in nature. Olefination or replacement with hydrogenmay be accomplished using reductive ...
Samarium (II) iodide. Samarium (II) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula SmI 2. When employed as a solution for organic synthesis, it is known as Kagan 's reagent. SmI 2 is a green solid and forms a dark blue solution in THF. [1] It is a strong one-electron reducing agent that is used in organic synthesis.
The mechanism for the reduction of a nitrile to an aldehyde with DIBAL-H. The hydride reagent Diisobutylaluminium hydride, or DIBAL-H, is commonly used to convert nitriles to the aldehyde. [14] Regarding the proposed mechanism, DIBAL forms a Lewis acid-base adduct with the nitrile by formation of an N-Al bond. The hydride is then transferred to ...
Potassium alum is now produced industrially by adding potassium sulfate to a concentrated solution of aluminium sulfate. [33] The aluminium sulfate is usually obtained by treating minerals like alum schist, bauxite and cryolite with sulfuric acid. [34] If much iron should be present in the sulfate then it is preferable to use potassium chloride ...
The reduction of nitroaromatics is conducted on an industrial scale. [1] Many methods exist, such as: Catalytic hydrogenation using: Raney nickel [2] or palladium-on-carbon, [3] [4] [5] platinum(IV) oxide, or Urushibara nickel. [6] Iron in acidic media. [7] [8] [9] Sodium hydrosulfite [10] Sodium sulfide (or hydrogen sulfide and base ...
Standard electrode potential (data page) The data below tabulates standard electrode potentials (E °), in volts relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), at: Temperature 298.15 K (25.00 °C; 77.00 °F); Effective concentration (activity) 1 mol/L for each aqueous or amalgamated (mercury-alloyed) species; Unit activity for each solvent ...
The structure of a nitrile: the functional group is highlighted blue. In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group.The name of the compound is composed of a base, which includes the carbon of the −C≡N, suffixed with "nitrile", so for example CH 3 CH 2 C≡N is called "propionitrile" (or propanenitrile). [1]