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  2. Cell junction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_junction

    Cell junctions are also especially important in enabling communication between neighboring cells via specialized protein complexes called communicating (gap) junctions. Cell junctions are also important in reducing stress placed upon cells. In plants, similar communication channels are known as plasmodesmata, and in fungi they are called septal ...

  3. Cell surface receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_surface_receptor

    They are specialized integral membrane proteins that allow communication between the cell and the extracellular space. The extracellular molecules may be hormones , neurotransmitters , cytokines , growth factors , cell adhesion molecules , or nutrients ; they react with the receptor to induce changes in the metabolism and activity of a cell.

  4. Cell adhesion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_adhesion

    Schematic of cell adhesion. Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface. This process can occur either through direct contact between cell surfaces such as cell junctions or indirect interaction, where cells attach to surrounding extracellular matrix, a gel-like structure containing molecules released ...

  5. List of proteins - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proteins

    At the top level are all alpha proteins (domains consisting of alpha helices), all beta proteins (domains consisting of beta sheets), and mixed alpha helix/beta sheet proteins. While most proteins adopt a single stable fold, a few proteins can rapidly interconvert between one or more folds. These are referred to as metamorphic proteins. [5]

  6. Cell signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_signaling

    The MAPK protein is an enzyme, a protein kinase that can attach phosphate to target proteins such as the transcription factor MYC and, thus, alter gene transcription and, ultimately, cell cycle progression. Many cellular proteins are activated downstream of the growth factor receptors (such as EGFR) that initiate this signal transduction pathway.

  7. Crosstalk (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosstalk_(biology)

    One example of crosstalk between proteins in a signalling pathway can be seen with cyclic adenosine monophosphate's (cAMP) role in regulating cell proliferation by interacting with the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. cAMP is a compound synthesized in cells by adenylate cyclase in response to a variety of extracellular signals.

  8. Scaffold protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaffold_protein

    Scaffolds localize the signaling reaction to a specific area in the cell, a process that could be important for the local production of signaling intermediates. A particular example of this process is the scaffold, A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs), which target cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase to various sites in the cell. [7]

  9. Motor protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_protein

    Myosins are a superfamily of actin motor proteins that convert chemical energy in the form of ATP to mechanical energy, thus generating force and movement. The first identified myosin, myosin II, is responsible for generating muscle contraction. Myosin II is an elongated protein that is formed from two heavy chains with motor heads and two ...