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According to Gethin, the four truths and the eightfold path are only two lists of "literally hundreds of similar lists covering the whole range of the theory and practice of ancient Buddhism." [120] The position of the four truths within the canon raises questions, and has been investigated throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. [121]
The Buddhist path (marga) to liberation, also referred to as awakening, is described in a wide variety of ways. [1] The classical one is the Noble Eightfold Path, which is only one of several summaries presented in the Sutta Pitaka. A number of other paths to liberation exist within various Buddhist traditions and theology.
The Four Noble Truths; The Noble Eightfold Path; The Twelve Insights of the Four Noble Truths; Proclamation of release from the cycle of rebirth (commonly referred to as nibbana) The Opening of the Dhamma Eye (the attainment of right view) of the first awakened disciple, Aññā Kondañña
The Pali term ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga (Sanskrit: āryāṣṭāṅgamārga) is typically translated in English as 'Noble Eightfold Path'. This translation is a convention started by the early translators of Buddhist texts into English, just like ariya sacca is translated as 'Four Noble Truths'.
According to early suttas like AN 3.61, the second and third noble truths of the four noble truths are directly correlated to the principle of dependent origination. [ 62 ] [ 63 ] [ 64 ] The second truth applies dependent origination in a direct order, while the third truth applies it in inverse order. [ 64 ]
What the Buddha Taught, by Theravadin Walpola Rahula, is a widely used introductory book on Buddhism. [1] Using quotes from the sutras, Rahula gives his personal interpretation of what he regards to be Buddhism's essential teachings, including the Four Noble Truths, the Buddhist mind, the Noble Eightfold Path, meditation and mental development, and the world today.
The Four Noble Truths are called the catvāry ārya satyāni (Sanskrit) or cattāri ariya saccāni (Pali). The Noble Eightfold Path is called the ārya mārga (Sanskrit, also āryāṣṭāṅgikamārga) or ariya magga (Pāli). Buddha's Dharma and Vinaya are the ariyassa dhammavinayo.
In the schema of the Noble Eightfold Path, they are included in sammā-sati (right mindfulness), which culminates in the final factor of the path, sammā-samādhi (a state of luminous awareness, but also interpreted as deep meditative absorption). This is confirmed by texts like MN 44.12 which state "the four satipaṭṭhānas are the basis ...