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Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.
Accidental release source terms includes mass flow rate equations for non-choked gas flows as well. Orifice plate includes derivation of non-choked gas flow equation. de Laval nozzles are venturi tubes that produce supersonic gas velocities as the tube and the gas are first constricted and then the tube and gas are expanded beyond the choke plane.
A gas meter is a specialized flow meter, used to measure the volume of fuel gases such as natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. Gas meters are used at residential, commercial, and industrial buildings that consume fuel gas supplied by a gas utility. Gases are more difficult to measure than liquids, because measured volumes are highly ...
The Wobbe index is expressed in MJ/Nm³ (where 'Nm³' indicates'm³ in Normal conditions), or sometimes in BTU/scf.In the case of natural gas (molar mass 17 g/mol), the typical heating value is around 39 MJ/Nm³ (1,050 BTU/scf) and the specific gravity is approximately 0.59, giving a typical Wobbe index of 51 MJ/Nm³ (1,367 BTU/scf).
The fundamental difference between the orifice meter and the turbine meter is the flow equation derivation. The orifice meter flow calculation is based on fluid flow fundamentals (a 1st Law of Thermodynamics derivation utilizing the pipe diameter and vena contracta diameters for the continuity equation). Deviations from theoretical expectation ...
Originally the gas flow computer was a mechanical (1920s technology) or later a pneumatic or hydraulic computing module (1940s technology used to the early 1990s but still available from a number of suppliers), subsequently superseded in most applications by an electronic module, as the primary elements switched from transmitting the measured variables from pneumatic or hydraulic pressure ...
The following sizing methodology is based on the assumption that those flow rates are known. Use a vertical pressure vessel with a length–diameter ratio of about 3 to 4, and size the vessel to provide about 5 minutes of liquid inventory between the normal liquid level and the bottom of the vessel (with the normal liquid level being somewhat ...
Furthermore, a direct measure of the density of the fluid is obtained. Coriolis measurement can be very accurate irrespective of the type of gas or liquid that is measured; the same measurement tube can be used for hydrogen gas and bitumen without recalibration. [citation needed] Coriolis flowmeters can be used for the measurement of natural ...
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