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Liquid breathing is a form of respiration in which a normally air-breathing organism breathes an oxygen-rich liquid which is capable of CO 2 gas exchange (such as a perfluorocarbon). [ 1 ] The liquid involved requires certain physical properties, such as respiratory gas solubility, density, viscosity, vapor pressure and lipid solubility, which ...
Three different approaches sought to utilize this characteristic to improve oxygen delivery to tissue. Early perfluorocarbon emulsions for oxygen delivery were developed as blood substitutes. They used large-molecule perfluorocarbons with boiling points higher than body temperature which were formed into liquid emulsion droplets.
Fluorine biology is also relevant to a number of cutting-edge technologies. PFCs (perfluorocarbons) are capable of holding enough oxygen to support human liquid breathing. Organofluorine in the form of its radioisotope 18 F is also at the heart of a modern medical imaging technique known as positron emission tomography (PET). A PET scan ...
Fluorocarbons are colorless and have high density, up to over twice that of water. They are not miscible with most organic solvents (e.g., ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform), but are miscible with some hydrocarbons (e.g., hexane in some cases). They have very low solubility in water, and water has a very low solubility in them (on ...
The science-fiction film The Abyss (1989) depicted an experimental liquid-breathing system, in which the use of highly oxygenated Fluorinert enabled a diver to descend to great depths. While several rats were shown actually breathing Fluorinert, scenes depicting actor Ed Harris using the fluid-breathing apparatus were simulated. [6]
A perfluorinated compound (PFC) or perfluoro compound is an organofluorine compound that lacks C-H bonds. Many perfluorinated compounds have properties that are quite different from their C-H containing analogues. Common functional groups in PFCs are OH, CO 2 H, chlorine, O, and SO 3 H. Electrofluorination is the predominant method for PFC ...
To practice rhythmic breathing and help oxygen better circulate throughout the body, the association recommends using belly breathing and a 5-step pattern: three steps as you inhale and two steps ...
Most applications utilize its ability to dissolve large amounts of oxygen (100 mL of perfluorodecalin at 25 °C can dissolve 49 mL of oxygen at STP [2]). Perfluorodecalin was an ingredient in Fluosol, an artificial blood product developed by Green Cross Corporation in the 1980s. It is also being studied for use in liquid breathing.