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Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce. Conversely, illegitimacy , also known as bastardy , has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard , a ...
Legitimacy is "a value whereby something or someone is recognized and accepted as right and proper". [6] In political science, legitimacy has traditionally been understood as the popular acceptance and recognition by the public of the authority of a governing régime, whereby authority has political power through consent and mutual understandings, not coercion.
Electoral fraud in Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان میں انتخابی دھاندلی) has history intertwined with military interventions and legal obstacles against political dissenters, impacting the democratic process. [1]
According to Lawrence Solum, since legitimacy has different shades of meaning, it is very easy to make claims about legitimacy that are ambiguous or theoretically unsound so one needs to be extra care full before deploying the idea of legitimacy. [3] These multiple meanings are linked to distinct approaches to conceptualization and measurement ...
In law, a presumption is an "inference of a particular fact". [1] There are two types of presumptions: rebuttable presumptions and irrebuttable (or conclusive) presumptions. [2]: 25 A rebuttable presumption will either shift the burden of production (requiring the disadvantaged party to produce some evidence to the contrary) or the burden of proof (requiring the disadvantaged party to show the ...
Legitimation, legitimization (), or legitimisation is the act of providing legitimacy.Legitimation in the social sciences refers to the process whereby an act, process, or ideology becomes legitimate by its attachment to norms and values within a given society.
The Urdu Dictionary Board (Urdu: اردو لغت بورڈ, romanized: Urdu Lughat Board) is an academic and literary institution of Pakistan, administered by National History and Literary Heritage Division of the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. Its objective is to edit and publish a comprehensive dictionary of the Urdu language.
Bangladeshi citizenship is provided primarily jus sanguinis, or through bloodline, irrespective of the place or the legitimacy of the birth. [2] Therefore, any child born to a Bangladeshi woman illegitimately outside Bangladeshi soil would still be eligible to be a Bangladeshi citizen, whereas a child born to two non-nationals in Bangladesh ...