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The LAD gives off two types of branches: septals and diagonals. Septals originate from the LAD at 90 degrees to the surface of the heart, perforating and supplying the anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum. Diagonals run along the surface of the heart and supply the lateral wall of the left ventricle and the anterolateral papillary muscle.
Normally, the blockage should affect approximately 70% of the artery for symptoms to become noticeable. [3] Symptoms can be less severe during gradual narrowing, as this allows time for the widening of existing vessels and the formation of new ones (collateral vessels), allowing blood to still reach the area
Treatment is aimed toward preventing future adverse events and relieving symptoms. [12] Beneficial lifestyle modifications include smoking cessation, a heart healthy diet, and regular exercise. [13] Medications such as nitrates and beta-blockers may be useful for reducing the symptoms of coronary ischemia. [6]
Atherosclerosis [a] is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis, [8] characterized by development of abnormalities called lesions in walls of arteries.This is a chronic inflammatory disease involving many different cell types and driven by elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. [9]
Aortic stenosis is most commonly caused by age-related progressive calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) (>50% of cases), with a mean age of 65 to 70 years. CAVD is the build-up of calcium on the cusps of the valve, and this calcification causes hardening and stenosis of the valve. [ 22 ]
Psychological symptoms are common in people with CHD, and while many psychological treatments may be offered following cardiac events, there is no evidence that they change mortality, the risk of revascularization procedures, or the rate of non-fatal myocardial infarction. [110] Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
Wellens' syndrome is an electrocardiographic manifestation of critical proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery stenosis in people with unstable angina. Originally thought of as two separate types, A and B, it is now considered an evolving wave form, initially of biphasic T wave inversions and later becoming symmetrical, often ...
The LAD, as is usual, has two large diagonal branches, which arise at the centre-top of the image and course toward the centre-right of the image. A coronary angioplasty is a therapeutic procedure to treat the stenotic (narrowed) coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary heart disease . [ 1 ]