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The Augustus of Prima Porta (Italian: Augusto di Prima Porta) is a full-length portrait statue of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. The statue was discovered on April 20, 1863, during archaeological excavations directed by Giuseppe Gagliardi at the Villa of Livia owned by Augustus' third and final wife, Livia Drusilla in Prima Porta .
The Augustus of Prima Porta, one of the best-preserved examples of a standard type of official portrait.He created during the Roman Empire for the first time an administrative region called Italia with inhabitants called Italicus Populus; for this reason historians called him Father of Italians.
However, Maria Brosius explains that Augustus used the return of the standards as propaganda symbolizing the submission of Parthia to Rome. The event was celebrated in art such as the breastplate design on the statue Augustus of Prima Porta and in monuments such as the Temple of Mars Ultor ('Mars the Avenger') built to house the standards.
Conversely, the statues of Augustus of Prima Porta and of Via Labicana Augustus have a composure reminiscent of Polykleitos and the other classical Greek sculptors. These show an expression of proud reserve, a disposition Augustus demonstrated in his Res Gestae Divi Augusti. The official iconography of Augustus was widespread.
The Augustus of Prima Porta is an example of an adlocutio pose. In ancient Rome the Latin word adlocutio means an address given by a general, usually the emperor, to his massed army and legions. The research of adlocutio focuses on the art of statuary and coinage aspects.
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It is done similar to the Augustus of Prima Porta, also held in the Capitoline's collection. A bust of a similar style is present in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston , with a characteristic style called the " Forbes type", which maintains a motif of comma-shaped locks brushed to one side of the forehead.
The central breastplate relief on the statue of Augustus of Prima Porta shows the return of the Aquila (Roman eagle standard) lost to the Parthians. Roman Coin showing the Aquila (Roman eagle standard) in the Temple of Mars the Avenger.