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Pacifastacus fortis (known as the Shasta crayfish or placid crayfish) is an endangered crayfish species endemic to Shasta County, California, where it is found and first described in 1914, only in isolated spots along the Pit River and Fall River Mills. [4] It is estimated that there are a total of roughly 4000 of the species still alive today. [5]
The signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is a species of crayfish indigenous to North America. Introduced to Europe in the 1960s to supplement the North European Astacus astacus fisheries, which were being damaged by crayfish plague , it was subsequently discovered that the signal was itself a carrier of that disease.
Research shows that crayfish do not die immediately when boiled alive, and respond to pain in a similar way to mammals. Then the stress hormone cortisol is released and this leads to the formation of lactic acid in the muscles, which makes the meat taste sour.
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Map from Glon et al. 2022 showing range of Lacunicambarus species. [3]Lacunicambarus is one of the widest ranging crayfish genera in North America. [3] Species from this genus can be found in nearly every state east of the Rocky Mountains and in the Province of Ontario.
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