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The American robin, like most thrushes, has a complex near continuous song, consisting of discrete units often repeated and spliced by a string of pauses. Other birds (especially non-passeriforms) sometimes have songs to attract mates or hold territory, but these are usually simple and repetitive, lacking the variety of many oscine songs.
This was adopted by early researchers [127] including C.E.G. Bailey who demonstrated its use for studying bird song in 1950. [128] The use of spectrograms to visualize bird song was then adopted by Donald J. Borror [129] and developed further by others including W. H. Thorpe. [130] [131] These visual representations are also called sonograms or ...
The sensorimotor phase follows and may overlap with the sensory phase. During the sensorimotor phase, young birds initially produce variable, rambling versions of adult song, called subsong. [32] As learning progresses, the subsong is replaced with a more refined version containing elements of adult song, called plastic song.
Endometritis is inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium). [6] Symptoms may include fever , lower abdominal pain, and abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge . [ 1 ] [ 4 ] It is the most common cause of infection after childbirth .
A gray catbird's song is easily distinguished from that of the northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) or brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum) because the mockingbird repeats its phrases or "strophes" three to four times, the thrasher usually twice, but the catbird sings most phrases only once. The catbird's song is usually described as more raspy ...
Passerine birds produce song through the vocal organ, the syrinx, which is composed of bilaterally symmetric halves located where the trachea separates into the two bronchi. Using endoscopic techniques, it has been observed that song is produced by air passing between a set of medial and lateral labia on each side of the syrinx. [1]
HVC is located in the caudal nidopallium.It projects to the song motor pathway via the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) and to the Anterior Forebrain Pathway via the basal ganglia nucleus Area X. [1] It receives recurrent motor activity through the thalamic nucleus Uvaformis (Uva) and input from the auditory system through projections from the caudalateral mesopallium (CMM) and through ...
The common English name "chuck-will's-widow " is an onomatopoeia from the bird's song. [9] Alternative names include "chuckwuts-widow" and "chip-fell-out-of-a-oak". [10] This bird is sometimes confused with the better-known whippoorwill (Antrostomus vociferus), [11] because of their similar calls and