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In Hindu tradition, Courage (shauriya) / Bravery (dhairya), and Patience (taamasa) appear as the first two of ten characteristics of dharma in the Hindu Manusmṛti, alongside forgiveness , tolerance , honesty (asthaya), physical restraint (indriya nigraha), cleanliness (shouchya), perceptiveness , knowledge , truthfulness , and control of anger .
The six core values are the broadest category and are, “core characteristics valued by moral philosophers and religious thinkers”. [1]: 13 Peterson and Seligman then moved down the hierarchy to identify character strengths, which are “the psychological processes or mechanisms that define the virtues”. [1]: 13
Philo of Alexandria, a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher, also recognized the four cardinal virtues as prudence, temperance, courage, and justice. In his writings, he states: In these words Moses intends to sketch out the particular virtues. And they also are four in number, prudence, temperance, courage, and justice.
Originally virtus described specifically martial courage, but it eventually grew to be used to describe a range of Roman virtues. It was often divided into different qualities including prudentia (practical wisdom), iustitia , temperantia (temperance, self-control), and fortitudo .
Moral character or character (derived from charaktêr) is an analysis of an individual's steady moral qualities. The concept of character can express a variety of attributes, including the presence or lack of virtues such as empathy , courage , fortitude , honesty , and loyalty , or of good behaviors or habits ; these attributes are also a part ...
Prior to Ambrose, these four qualities were identified by the Greek philosopher Plato as the necessary character traits of a good man, and were discussed by other ancient authors such as Cicero. They can also be found in the Old Testament Book of Wisdom , which states that wisdom "teaches moderation and prudence, righteousness and fortitude ...
The seven gifts are found in the Book of Isaiah [4] 11:1–2, a passage which refers to the characteristics of a Messianic figure empowered by the "Spirit of the Lord". [ 5 ] The Greek and Hebrew versions of the Bible differ slightly in how the gifts are enumerated.
Temperance is one of the six virtues in the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths, along with wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, and transcendence. [4] The term "temperance" can also refer to the abstention from alcohol (teetotalism), especially with reference to the temperance movement. It can also refer to alcohol moderation.