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Sophisticated applications allow savvy users to write custom shaders in a shading language such as HLSL or GLSL, though increasingly node-based material editors that allow a graph-based workflow with native support for important concepts such as light position, levels of reflection and emission and metallicity, and a wide range of other math ...
Cel shading or toon shading is a type of non-photorealistic rendering designed to make 3D computer graphics appear to be flat by using less shading color instead of a shade gradient or tints and shades. A cel shader is often used to mimic the style of a comic book or cartoon and/or give the render a characteristic paper-like texture. [1]
GLSL shaders themselves are simply a set of strings that are passed to the hardware vendor's driver for compilation from within an application using the OpenGL API's entry points. Shaders can be created on the fly from within an application, or read-in as text files, but must be sent to the driver in the form of a string.
Shaders are most commonly used to produce lit and shadowed areas in the rendering of 3D models. Another use of shaders is for special effects, even on 2D images, (e.g., a photo from a webcam). The unaltered, unshaded image is on the left, and the same image has a shader applied on the right.
An example of bloom in a computer-generated image (from Elephants Dream).The light on the bright background bleeds on the darker areas, such as the walls and the characters.
Shading is used traditionally in drawing for depicting a range of darkness by applying media more densely or with a darker shade for darker areas, and less densely or with a lighter shade for lighter areas. Light patterns, such as objects having light and shaded areas, help when creating the illusion of depth on paper.
In the field of 3D computer graphics, deferred shading is a screen-space shading technique that is performed on a second rendering pass, after the vertex and pixel shaders are rendered. [2] It was first suggested by Michael Deering in 1988. [3] On the first pass of a deferred shader, only data that is required for shading computation is gathered.
Line art or line drawing is any image that consists of distinct straight lines or curved lines placed against a background (usually plain). Two-dimensional or three-dimensional objects are often represented through shade (darkness) or hue . Line art can use lines of different colors, although line art is usually monochromatic.