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The activity pattern of the eruption was comparable to that of the event that occurred in 1902, which had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 4. [5] [1] The volcano is known to have erupted 23 times in the last 4,000 years, and had been dormant since 1979. [1] Evacuation of the inhabitants of the island began when the explosive eruptions ...
Volcanic island, an island of volcanic origin; Taal Volcano, an island volcano in the Philippines; Volcano Islands, a group of volcanic islands near Japan; Vulcano Island, a small volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea
The Volcano Islands (火山列島, Kazan Rettō) or Iwo Islands (硫黄列島, Iō-rettō) are a group of three Japanese-governed islands in Micronesia. They lie south of the Ogasawara Islands and belong to the municipality of Ogasawara, Tokyo , Tokyo Metropolis , Japan.
Sakurajima's activity became more prominent in 1955, and the volcano has been erupting almost constantly ever since. Thousands of small explosions happen each year, throwing ash to heights of up to a few kilometers above the mountain. The Sakurajima Volcano Observatory was set up in 1960 to monitor these eruptions. [10]
When the volcano erupted in 2003, a 15 m-high (49 ft) island formed above the surface, but it disappeared soon after. Additional eruptive activity was observed and reported in March 2004 and April 2007. [5] [6] More recent volcanic activity can be inferred from observations of discolored water around the volcano, in 2020 and January 2021. [1]
The island is a basalt pillar with sheer sides, the only visible portion of a submarine volcanic caldera extending 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) south-east at an average depth of 240 metres (790 ft). The above sea-level portion measures approximately 84 metres east-west and 56 metres north-south, with a summit height of 99 metres (325 ft).
The volcano erupted on 9 December 2019 at 2:11 pm local time (01:11 UTC). [3] The ash plume rose 3.7 kilometres (12,000 ft) into the air. [26]It was initially believed that there were about 100 tourists on or near the island when the eruption took place; later, this figure was revised to 47 people who were on the island at the time. [27]
The volcano has remained relatively active since the 1996 swarm and is monitored by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The Hawaii Undersea Geological Observatory (HUGO) provided real-time data on Kamaʻehuakanaloa between 1997 and 1998. Kamaʻehuakanaloa's last known eruption was in 1996, before the earthquake swarm of that summer.