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OCPD is often confused with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite the similar names, they are two distinct disorders. Some OCPD individuals do have OCD, and the two can be found in the same family, [5] sometimes along with eating disorders. [21] The rate of comorbidity of OCPD in patients with OCD is estimated to be around 15–28%. [22]
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts (an obsession) and feels the need to perform certain routines (compulsions) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function. [1] [2] [7]
The only diagnosis existing in DSM-5 is obsessive–compulsive disorder. [2] According to DSM-5 compulsions can be mental, but they are always repetitive actions like "praying, counting, repeating words silently". [26] DSM-5 does not have any information that searching an answer for some question can be associated with OCD. [27]
While sexual obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a real thing, too often, the term OCD is overused, says Patrick McGrath, Ph.D., a licensed clinical psychologist and chief clinical officer at NOCD.
In psychology, the term ritual is sometimes used in a technical sense for a repetitive behavior systematically used by a person to neutralize or prevent anxiety; it can be a symptom of obsessive–compulsive disorder but obsessive-compulsive ritualistic behaviors are generally isolated activities.
A major cause of compulsive behavior is said to be obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). [3] [5] "Compulsive behavior is when someone keeps doing the same action because they feel like they have to, even though they know these actions do not align with their goals."
Such thoughts are universal among humans, and have "almost certainly always been a part of the human condition." [10] When intrusive thoughts occur with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), patients are less able to ignore the unpleasant thoughts and may pay undue attention to them, causing the thoughts to become more frequent and distressing. [7]
Scrupulosity is the pathological guilt and anxiety about moral issues. Although it can affect nonreligious people, it is usually related to religious beliefs. It is personally distressing, dysfunctional, and often accompanied by significant impairment in social functioning.