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Estriol (E3), sold under the brand name Ovestin among others, is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone which is used in menopausal hormone therapy. [12] [4] [6] [13] It is also used in veterinary medicine as Incurin to treat urinary incontinence due to estrogen deficiency in dogs.
A study of pseudopregnancy with intramuscular injections of 40 mg/week estradiol valerate and 250 mg/week hydroxyprogesterone caproate in women with estrogen deficiency observed estradiol levels of about 3,100 pg/mL at 3 months of therapy and 2,500 pg/mL at 6 months of therapy. [64
A study that used high- to very-high-dose oral estradiol to treat postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer found that mean steady-state estradiol levels in the 6 mg/day group were about 300 pg/mL and in the 30 mg/day group were about 2,400 pg/mL. [37]
[126] [127] [124] Women who are not on a birth control pill or hormone therapy have a risk of VTE of about 1 to 5 out of 10,000 women per year. [126] [127] [116] [124] In women taking a birth control pill containing ethinylestradiol and a progestin, the risk of VTE is in the range of 3 to 10 out of 10,000 women per year.
A higher dose of 1 mg estradiol was found to result in maximum levels of 450 pg/mL estradiol and 165 pg/mL estrone, which was followed by a rapid decline in estradiol levels to 85 pg/mL within 3 hours. [10] Conversely, the decline in estrone levels was much slower and reached a level of 80 pg/mL after 18 hours. [10]
Estrogen can also reduce vaginal atrophy and increase sexual arousal, frequency and orgasm. [22] The effectiveness of hormone replacement can decline in some women after long-term use. [22] A number of studies have also found that the combined effects of estrogen/androgen replacement therapy can increase libido and arousal over estrogen alone. [22]
Other research has found that the rate of VTE is 1 to 5 in 10,000 woman-years in women who are not pregnant or taking a birth control pill, 3 to 9 in 10,000 woman-years in women who are on a birth control pill, 5 to 20 in 10,000 women-years in pregnant women, and 40 to 65 in 10,000 women-years in postpartum women. [104]
2–10 mg/day Various: Estrogen: Sublingual: 1–8 mg/day Climara [c] Estrogen: TD patch: 25–400 μg/day Divigel [c] Estrogen: TD gel: 0.5–5 mg/day Various: Estrogen: SC implant: 50–200 mg every 6–24 mos Estradiol valerate: Progynova: Estrogen: Oral: 2–10 mg/day Progynova: Estrogen: Sublingual: 1–8 mg/day Delestrogen [c] Estrogen ...