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Gated recurrent units (GRUs) are a gating mechanism in recurrent neural networks, introduced in 2014 by Kyunghyun Cho et al. [1] The GRU is like a long short-term memory (LSTM) with a gating mechanism to input or forget certain features, [2] but lacks a context vector or output gate, resulting in fewer parameters than LSTM. [3]
The gated recurrent unit (GRU) simplifies the LSTM. [3] Compared to the LSTM, the GRU has just two gates: a reset gate and an update gate. GRU also merges the cell state and hidden state. The reset gate roughly corresponds to the forget gate, and the update gate roughly corresponds to the input gate. The output gate is removed. There are ...
The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cell can process data sequentially and keep its hidden state through time. Long short-term memory (LSTM) [1] is a type of recurrent neural network (RNN) aimed at mitigating the vanishing gradient problem [2] commonly encountered by traditional RNNs.
Its architecture consists of two parts. The encoder is an LSTM that takes in a sequence of tokens and turns it into a vector. The decoder is another LSTM that converts the vector into a sequence of tokens. Similarly, another 130M-parameter model used gated recurrent units (GRU) instead of LSTM. [22]
An RNN-based model can be factored into two parts: configuration and architecture. Multiple RNN can be combined in a data flow, and the data flow itself is the configuration. Each RNN itself may have any architecture, including LSTM, GRU, etc.
Its architecture consists of two parts. The encoder is an LSTM that takes in a sequence of tokens and turns it into a vector. The decoder is another LSTM that converts the vector into a sequence of tokens. Similarly, another 130M-parameter model used gated recurrent units (GRU) instead of LSTM. [20]
Bidirectional recurrent neural networks (BRNN) connect two hidden layers of opposite directions to the same output.With this form of generative deep learning, the output layer can get information from past (backwards) and future (forward) states simultaneously.
The standard LSTM architecture was introduced in 2000 by Felix Gers, Schmidhuber, and Fred Cummins. [20] Today's "vanilla LSTM" using backpropagation through time was published with his student Alex Graves in 2005, [21] [22] and its connectionist temporal classification (CTC) training algorithm [23] in 2006. CTC was applied to end-to-end speech ...