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[13] At least 19 cases of vaping-associated pulmonary injuries had been reported worldwide prior to 2019. [14] The first case of e-cigarettes inducing lipid pneumonia was documented in the medical literature in 2012, [15] though the causative agent was identified as glycerin, not vitamin E acetate. Glycerin was long thought to be a safe ...
That study found cotinine (a nicotine metabolite) levels in urine were significantly elevated in the first two groups vs the controls, but were not significantly different, despite the fact that air pollution levels in the smokers' homes was much higher than in the vapers' homes (geometric mean air nicotine concentrations of 0.13 μg/m 3 in e ...
Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), [4] also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) [1] or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (E/VALI), [2] [a] is an umbrella term, [15] [16] used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. [3]
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Cardiac markers are used for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome and for management and prognosis in patients with diseases like acute heart failure. Most of the early markers identified were enzymes, and as a result, the term "cardiac enzymes" is sometimes used. However, not ...
The SOD2 enzyme is an important constituent in apoptotic signaling and oxidative stress, most notably as part of the mitochondrial death pathway and cardiac myocyte apoptosis signaling. [11] Programmed cell death is a distinct genetic and biochemical pathway essential to metazoans.
A 22-year-old man received a double lung transplant earlier this month after being on life support for 70 days. Jackson Allard, a North Dakota resident, went to the emergency room for a stomach ...
Fewer than 5 to 10% of symptomatic PEs are fatal within the first hour of symptoms. [38] [92] There are several markers used for risk stratification and these are also independent predictors of adverse outcomes. These include hypotension, cardiogenic shock, syncope, evidence of right heart dysfunction, and elevated cardiac enzymes. [38]