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The original IBM PC could be equipped with as little as 16 KB of RAM and typically had between 64 and 640 KB; depending on the amount of equipped memory, the computer's 4.77 MHz 8088 required between 5 seconds and 1.5 minutes to complete the POST and there was no way to skip it.
Some computer designs have used non-button cell batteries, such as the cylindrical "1/2 AA" used in the Power Mac G4 as well as some older IBM PC compatibles, or a 3-cell nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd) CMOS battery that looks like a "barrel" (common in Amiga and older IBM PC compatibles), which serves the same purpose. These motherboards often have ...
Checksum schemes include parity bits, check digits, and longitudinal redundancy checks. Some checksum schemes, such as the Damm algorithm, the Luhn algorithm, and the Verhoeff algorithm, are specifically designed to detect errors commonly introduced by humans in writing down or remembering identification numbers.
This is especially true of cryptographic hash functions, which may be used to detect many data corruption errors and verify overall data integrity; if the computed checksum for the current data input matches the stored value of a previously computed checksum, there is a very high probability the data has not been accidentally altered or corrupted.
A file can become corrupted by a variety of ways: faulty storage media, errors in transmission, write errors during copying or moving, software bugs, and so on. Hash-based verification ensures that a file has not been corrupted by comparing the file's hash value to a previously calculated value. If these values match, the file is presumed to be ...
The original IBM PC and all PCs until the early 1990s used parity checking. [12] Later ones mostly did not. An ECC-capable memory controller can generally [a] detect and correct errors of a single bit per word [b] (the unit of bus transfer), and detect (but not correct) errors of two bits
Single-event upsets were first described during above-ground nuclear testing, from 1954 to 1957, when many anomalies were observed in electronic monitoring equipment.. Further problems were observed in space electronics during the 1960s, although it was difficult to separate soft failures from other forms of interfe
Tales of Game's Studios Tales of Game's Studios RPG: Microsoft Windows, macOS: January 22, 2008 Freeware [9] 93 [10] The Battle for Wesnoth: David White and others David White and others Turn-based strategy: Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux: October 2005 October 2005 Freeware [11] 91 [12] Beneath a Steel Sky: Revolution Software: Virgin ...