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Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pathogenic, encapsulated coccobacillus bacterium of the genus Bordetella, and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. Its virulence factors include pertussis toxin , adenylate cyclase toxin , filamentous haemagglutinin , pertactin , fimbria , and tracheal cytotoxin .
Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) is a 921 dalton glycopeptide released by Bordetella pertussis, [1] Vibrio fischeri (as a symbiosis chemical), [2] and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (among other peptidoglycan-derived cytotoxins it produces). [3]
Two of these (B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica) are also motile. [3] [4] There are about 16 different species of Bordetella likely descending from ancestors who lived in soil and/or water environments. [5] B. pertussis and occasionally B. parapertussis cause pertussis (whooping cough) in humans, and some B. parapertussis strains only colonize ...
Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) is released from bacterium Bordetella pertussis by the T1SS (Type 1 secretion system) and released in the host’s respiratory tract in order to suppress its early innate and subsequent adaptive immune defense. [1] CyaA plays a particular role in the early phases of airway colonization.
Although kennel cough is considered to be a multifactorial infection, there are two main forms. The first is more mild and is caused by B. bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza infections, without complications from canine distemper virus (CDV) or canine mastadenovirus A (formerly canine adenovirus-1).
Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB 5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, [2] which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in the colonization of the respiratory tract and the establishment of infection. [ 3 ]
Notable instances of the type IV secretion system include the plasmid insertion into plants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the toxin delivery methods of Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) and Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires' disease), the translocation of effector proteins into host cells by bacteria from the Brucella genus (Brucellosis ...
Medical Microbiology, 4th edition, [1] states that Regan-Lowe medium [2] (containing charcoal, blood, and antibiotic) has replaced Bordet–Gengou medium as the medium of choice for routine Bordetella pertussis incubation. Bordetella bacteria were difficult to culture; Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou invented the first version to isolate the ...