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The greater occipital nerve is a nerve of the head. It is a spinal nerve , specifically the medial branch of the dorsal primary ramus of cervical spinal nerve 2 . It arises from between the first and second cervical vertebrae , ascends, and then passes through the semispinalis muscle .
The medial branch (ramus medialis; internal branch), called from its size and distribution the greater occipital nerve, ascends obliquely between the Obliquus capitis inferior and the Semispinalis capitis, and pierces the latter muscle and the Trapezius near their attachments to the occipital bone. It is then joined by a filament from the ...
Distribution of the areas of the sensory roots upon the surface of the body. ... Greater auricular nerve; Greater occipital nerve; Greater petrosal nerve; Hepatic plexus;
The C2 myotome represents a collection of muscles under the control of the C2 nerve. These muscles are responsible for enabling the forward bending of the neck. The greater occipital nerve, lesser occipital nerve, greater auricular nerve, and the transverse cervical nerve all emerge from C2, with the latter two shared with the C3. [2]
The lesser occipital nerve (or small occipital nerve [1]) is a cutaneous spinal nerve of the cervical plexus. [2] It arises from second cervical (spinal) nerve (C2) (along with the greater occipital nerve). It innervates the skin of the back of the upper neck and of the scalp posterior to the ear.
There is anastomosis with accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and sympathetic trunk. It is located in the neck, deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. [5] The branches of the cervical plexus emerge from the posterior triangle at the nerve point, a point which lies midway on the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid.
Everywhere else in the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. The posterior distribution includes the suboccipital nerve (C1), the greater occipital nerve (C2) and the third occipital nerve (C3). The anterior distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1–C4) and brachial plexus (C5–T1).
These include the greater occipital nerve, which provides sensation to the back of the head, the lesser occipital nerve, which provides sensation to the area behind the ears, the greater auricular nerve and the lesser auricular nerve. The phrenic nerve is a nerve