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Small caps, petite caps and italic used for emphasis True small caps (top), compared with scaled small caps (bottom), generated by OpenOffice.org Writer. In typography, small caps (short for small capitals) are characters typeset with glyphs that resemble uppercase letters but reduced in height and weight close to the surrounding lowercase letters or text figures. [1]
Old English did not always make a distinction between uppercase and lowercase, and at best had embossed or decorated letters indicating sections. Middle English capitalization in manuscripts remained haphazard, and was often done for visual aesthetics more than grammar; in poetry, the first letter of each line of verse is often capitalized.
Wikipedia avoids unnecessary capitalization.In English, capitalization is primarily needed for proper names, acronyms, and for the first letter of a sentence. [a] Wikipedia relies on sources to determine what is conventionally capitalized; only words and phrases that are consistently capitalized in a substantial majority of independent, reliable sources are capitalized in Wikipedia.
Some English surnames such as fforbes are traditionally spelt with a digraph instead of a capital letter (at least for ff). In the Hawaiian orthography, the ʻokina is a phonemic symbol that visually resembles a left single quotation mark. Representing the glottal stop, the ʻokina can be characterised as either a letter [17] or a diacritic. [18]
This text changes most letters, both upper and lower case, to small capitals, though half of the Greek alphabet is instead converted to lower case (namely the letters Α Β Γ Δ Θ Λ Μ Ρ Σ Φ Χ Ω and their accented forms apart from Ώ). With those exceptions, the text is hard-coded as upper case.
Some Soviet computers, such as Radio-86RK, Vector-06C, Agat-7, use 7-bit encoding called KOI-7N2, where capital Cyrillic letters replace lower-case Latin letters in the ASCII table, so can display both alphabets, but all caps only. Mikrosha is switchable to KOI-7N1, in this mode, it can display both caps and lower-case, but in Cyrillic only.
Lower-case letters are used for unaspirated consonants and short vowels, while capital letters are used for aspirated consonants and long vowels. While the retroflex stops are mapped to 't, T, d, D, N', the dentals are mapped to 'w, W, x, X, n'. Hence the name 'WX', a reminder of this idiosyncratic mapping.
Alternating caps, [1] also known as studly caps [a], sticky caps (where "caps" is short for capital letters), or spongecase (in reference to the "Mocking Spongebob" internet meme) is a form of text notation in which the capitalization of letters varies by some pattern, or arbitrarily (often also omitting spaces between words and occasionally some letters).