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Early childhood development is the period of rapid physical, psychological and social growth and change that begins before birth and extends into early childhood. [1] While early childhood is not well defined, one source asserts that the early years begin in utero and last until 3 years of age. [1]
When the child is 3 years old, they begin to form face shapes and by age 4, humans. At 4 to 5 years old, the child draws a human form with arms and legs, and eventually the child adds a trunk and clothes. [5] Children then evolve to include other pictorials in their art, such as houses, animals and boats, by the age of 5.
The schedules for older children became the property of Gesell Institute of Child Development which was established in 1950. In 1964 Dr. Francis Ilg and Dr. Louise Bates Ames, the founders of the Gesell Institute, refined, revised, and collected data on children 5–10 years of age and subsequently in 1965, 1972, and 1979. The results were ...
Gesell asserted that all children go through the same stages of development in the same sequence, although each child may move through these stages at their own rate [3] Gesell's Maturational Theory has influenced child-rearing and primary education methods since it was introduced. [4] [5]
Often achieves toilet training during this year (depending on child's physical and neurological development) although accidents should still be expected; the child will indicate readiness for toilet training. Throws large ball underhand without losing balance. Holds small cup or tumbler in one hand. Unbuttons large buttons; unzips large zippers.
Between 2 and 3 years of age, the child is able to refer to themself as "me", combine nouns and verbs, use short sentences, use some simple plurals, answer "where" questions, and has a vocabulary of about 450 words. [131] By age 4, children are able to use sentences of 4–5 words and have a vocabulary of about 1000 words. [131]
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The germinal stage is over at about 10 days of gestation. [2] The zygote contains a full complement of genetic material with all the biological characteristics of a single human being, and develops into the embryo. Embryonic development has four stages: the morula stage, the blastula stage, the gastrula stage, and the neurula stage.