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Alternative fuels, also known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, [1] are fuels derived from sources other than petroleum. [2] Alternative fuels include gaseous fossil fuels like propane , natural gas , methane , and ammonia ; biofuels like biodiesel , bioalcohol , and refuse-derived fuel ; and other renewable fuels like hydrogen and ...
Biofuels are biomass-derived fuels from plants, animals, or waste; depending on which type of biomass is used, they could lower CO 2 emissions by 20–98% compared to conventional jet fuel. [4] The first test flight using blended biofuel was in 2008, and in 2011, blended fuels with 50% biofuels were allowed on commercial flights.
Fossil fuel phase-out is the gradual reduction of the use and production of fossil fuels to zero, to reduce air pollution, limit climate change, and strengthen energy independence. It is part of the ongoing renewable energy transition , but is being hindered by fossil fuel subsidies .
Because nitrogen from air is absent, nitrogen oxide production is greatly reduced. If the fuel contains sulfur, sulfuric acid can possibly be recovered instead of being released as a dangerous environmental pollutant or "lost" in flue gas desulfurization. Economically speaking this method costs more than a traditional air-fired plant.
The use of fossil fuels in the 18th and 19th century set the stage for the Industrial Revolution. Fossil fuels make up the bulk of the world's current primary energy sources. In 2005, 81% of the world's energy needs was met from fossil sources. [3] The technology and infrastructure for the use of fossil fuels already exist.
The burning of fossil fuels and biomass is a major source of air pollution, [17] [18] which causes an estimated 7 million deaths each year, with the greatest attributable disease burden seen in low and middle-income countries. [19]
Despite all the growth in clean energy, fossil fuels still made up the majority of global electricity generated last year, causing a 1% rise in global power sector emissions.
Biofuels are biomass-derived fuels from plants, animals, or waste; depending on which type of biomass is used, they could lower CO 2 emissions by 20–98% compared to conventional jet fuel. [68] The first test flight using blended biofuel was in 2008, and in 2011, blended fuels with 50% biofuels were allowed on commercial flights.