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Ruby's design forces all instance variables to be private, but also provides a simple way to declare set and get methods. This is in keeping with the idea that in Ruby one never directly accesses the internal members of a class from outside the class; rather, one passes a message to the class and receives a response.
It is primarily associated with PHP, Ruby and Perl programming languages, which use it to declare hashes. Using a fat comma to bind key-value pairs in a hash, instead of using a comma, is considered an example of good idiomatic Perl. [1] In CoffeeScript and TypeScript, the fat comma is used to declare a function that is bound to this. [2] [3]
hash HAS-160: 160 bits hash HAVAL: 128 to 256 bits hash JH: 224 to 512 bits hash LSH [19] 256 to 512 bits wide-pipe Merkle–Damgård construction: MD2: 128 bits hash MD4: 128 bits hash MD5: 128 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: MD6: up to 512 bits Merkle tree NLFSR (it is also a keyed hash function) RadioGatún: arbitrary ideal mangling ...
A few notable changes in Ruby 2.5.0 include rescue and ensure statements automatically use a surrounding do-end block (less need for extra begin-end blocks), method-chaining with yield_self, support for branch coverage and method coverage measurement, and easier Hash transformations with Hash#slice and Hash#transform_keys On top of that come a ...
Ruby's built-in Hash uses the open addressing model from Ruby 2.4 onwards. [55] Rust programming language includes HashMap, HashSet as part of the Rust Standard Library. [56] The .NET standard library includes HashSet and Dictionary, [57] [58] so it can be used from languages such as C# and VB.NET. [59]
Hash functions are an essential ingredient of the Bloom filter, a space-efficient probabilistic data structure that is used to test whether an element is a member of a set. A special case of hashing is known as geometric hashing or the grid method.
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of cryptographic hash functions. See the individual functions' articles for further information. This article is not all-inclusive or necessarily up-to-date. An overview of hash function security/cryptanalysis can be found at hash function security summary.
Autovivification in Ruby - emulate Perl's autovivification; A Use of the Y Combinator in Ruby - Implements autovivification in Ruby with the Y Combinator. Hash#autonew in the Ruby gem "facets" adds autovivification on hash reads; The Ruby gem "xkeys" facilitates nested structure traversal and autovivifies on array or hash writes