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  2. Mutator method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutator_method

    According to this principle, member variables of a class are made private to hide and protect them from other code, and can only be modified by a public member function (the mutator method), which takes the desired new value as a parameter, optionally validates it, and modifies the private member variable.

  3. Class variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_variable

    In the above Python code, it does not provide much information as there is only class variable in the Dog class that provide the vertebrate group of dog as mammals. In instance variable, you could customize your own object (in this case, dog_1) by having one or more instance variables in the Dog class.

  4. Member variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_variable

    /*Ruby has three member variable types: class, class instance, and instance. */ class Dog # The class variable is defined within the class body with two at-signs # and describes data about all Dogs *and* their derived Dog breeds (if any) @@sniffs = true end mutt = Dog. new mutt. class. sniffs #=> true class Poodle < Dog # The "class instance variable" is defined within the class body with a ...

  5. Naming convention (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naming_convention...

    Python and Ruby both recommend UpperCamelCase for class names, CAPITALIZED_WITH_UNDERSCORES for constants, and snake_case for other names. In Python, if a name is intended to be "private", it is prefixed by one or two underscores. Private variables are enforced in Python only by convention.

  6. Object-oriented programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming

    Class variables – belong to the class as a whole; there is only one copy of each variable, shared across all instances of the class; Instance variables or attributes – data that belongs to individual objects; every object has its own copy of each one. All 4 variables mentioned above (first_name, position etc) are instance variables. Member ...

  7. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})

  8. Class (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)

    The following is a common set of access specifiers: [10] Private (or class-private) restricts access to the class itself. Only methods that are part of the same class can access private members. Protected (or class-protected) allows the class itself and all its subclasses to access the member. Public means that any code can access the member by ...

  9. Closure (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure_(computer_programming)

    Even if the variable to capture is non-final, it can always be copied to a temporary final variable just before the class. Capturing of variables by reference can be emulated by using a final reference to a mutable container, for example, a one-element array. The local class will not be able to change the value of the container reference, but ...