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A nanowire is a nanostructure in the form of a wire with the diameter of the order of a nanometre (10 −9 m). More generally, nanowires can be defined as structures that have a thickness or diameter constrained to tens of nanometers or less and an unconstrained length.
Most types of molecular wires are derived from organic molecules. One naturally occurring molecular wire is DNA.Prominent inorganic examples include polymeric materials such as Li 2 Mo 6 Se 6 [1] and Mo 6 S 9−x I x, [2] [3] [4] [Pd 4 (CO) 4 (OAc) 4 Pd(acac) 2], [5] and single-molecule extended metal atom chains (EMACs) which comprise strings of transition metal atoms directly bonded to each ...
Nanowires have been made from carbon nanotubes for a few years. Until a few years ago, transistors and nanowires were put together to produce the circuit. However, scientists have been able to produce a nanowire with transistors in it.
Nanofabrication can be used to construct ultradense parallel arrays of nanowires, as an alternative to synthesizing nanowires individually. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Of particular prominence in this field, Silicon nanowires are being increasingly studied towards diverse applications in nanoelectronics, energy conversion and storage.
Nanowires and nanotubes: The elastic moduli of some nanowires namely lead and silver, decrease with increasing diameter. This has been associated with surface stress, oxidation layer, and surface roughness. [62] However, the elastic behavior of ZnO nanowires does not get affected by surface effects but their fracture properties do.
One method identified by researchers has used silicon nanowires on a conductive substrate for an anode, and found that the nanowire morphology creates direct current pathways to help increase power density and decreases disruption from volume change. [31] However, the large volume change of the nanowires can still pose a fading problem.
Another potential use involves capped single-crystal ZnO nanowires with CdSe quantum dots, immersed in mercaptopropionic acid as hole transport medium in order to obtain a QD-sensitized solar cell. The morphology of the nanowires allowed the electrons to have a direct pathway to the photoanode.
Such nanosensors work on the principle that gas molecules can be distinguished based on their mass using, for example, piezoelectric sensors. If a gas molecule is adsorbed at the surface of the detector, the resonance frequency of the crystal changes and this can be measured as a change in electrical properties.