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Tempered or toughened glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension .
Safety glass is glass with additional safety features that make it less likely to break, or less likely to pose a threat when broken. Common designs include toughened glass (also known as tempered glass), laminated glass , and wire mesh glass (also known as wired glass).
Also unlike toughened glass, chemically strengthened glass may be cut after strengthening, but loses its added strength within approximately 20 mm of the cut. Similarly, when the surface of chemically strengthened glass is deeply scratched, this area loses its additional strength. Another negative of chemically strengthened glass is the added cost.
Imperfections of the glass, such as bubbles, and in particular surface flaws, such as scratches, have a great effect on the strength of glass and decrease it even more than for other brittle materials. [2] [1] The chemical composition of the glass also impacts its tensile strength. [3]
Toughened glass → – "Tempered Glass" and not "Toughened Glass" is the primary and unambigous name for this material, so the article should be named accordingly. As one example of relative popularity, there are currently 55.3 million references on Google to "tempered glass" and only 3.51 million references to "toughened glass" (over 15x more ...
In toughened glass, compressive stresses are induced on the surface of the glass, balanced by tensile stresses in the body of the glass. Due to the residual compressive stress on the surface, toughened glass is more resistant to cracks, but shatter into small shards when the outer surface is broken.
In a monolithic Pd–Ag–P–Si–Ge glass alloy, the properties of high bulk modulus and low shear modulus lead to proliferation of shear bands. These bands are self constrained and the toughness is improved. [3] Metals can be toughened by improvement of processing. With a high affinity for oxygen, titanium alloy can absorb oxygen easily. [4]
Handheld glass breaker with a built-in seatbelt cutter.. A glass breaker is a hand tool designed to break through a window glass in an emergency. It is a common safety device found in vehicles to aid in the emergency extrication of occupants from a vehicle, as well as in some buildings.