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  2. Hyperventilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperventilation

    Hyperventilation is irregular breathing that occurs when the rate or tidal volume of breathing eliminates more carbon dioxide than the body can produce. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This leads to hypocapnia , a reduced concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood.

  3. Health effects of tobacco - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 January 2025. Circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health "Health effects of smoking" and "Dangers of smoking" redirect here. For cannabis, see Effects of cannabis. For smoking crack cocaine, see Crack cocaine § Health issues. "Smoking and health" redirects here. For ...

  4. Hypercapnia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercapnia

    Hypercapnia is generally caused by hypoventilation, lung disease, or diminished consciousness. It may also be caused by exposure to environments containing abnormally high concentrations of carbon dioxide, such as from volcanic or geothermal activity, or by rebreathing exhaled carbon dioxide .

  5. Hyperventilation syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperventilation_syndrome

    Hyperventilation syndrome is believed to be caused by psychological factors. [8] It is one cause of hyperventilation with others including infection, blood loss, heart attack , [ 9 ] hypocapnia or alkalosis due to chemical imbalances, decreased cerebral blood flow, and increased nerve sensitivity.

  6. Effects of nicotine on human brain development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_nicotine_on...

    A 2015 review concluded that "Nicotine acts as a gateway drug on the brain, and this effect is likely to occur whether the exposure is from smoking tobacco, passive tobacco smoke or e-cigarettes." [25] Nicotine may have a profound impact on sleep. [26] The effects on sleep vary after being intoxicated, during withdrawal, and from long-term use ...

  7. Hypocapnia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocapnia

    The main physiologic causes of hypocapnia are related to hyperventilation. Hypocapnia is sometimes induced in the treatment of medical emergencies such as intracranial hypertension [3] and hyperkalemia. Self-induced hypocapnia through hyperventilation is the basis for the dangerous schoolyard fainting game.

  8. Smoker's macrophages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoker's_macrophages

    Cigarettes are known to cause many lung diseases including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and lung cancer. Smoker's macrophages are alveolar macrophages whose characteristics, including appearance, cellularity, phenotypes, immune response, and other functions, have been affected upon the exposure to cigarettes. [1]

  9. Tobacco smoking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smoking

    Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and a global public health concern. [86] There are 1.3 billion tobacco users in the world, as per latest data from WHO. [17] One person dies every six seconds from a tobacco related disease. [87] Common adverse effects of tobacco smoking. The more common effects are in bold face. [88]