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Similarly, the participle agrees with the subject when it is used with ser to form the "true" passive voice (e.g. La carta fue escrita ayer 'The letter was written [got written] yesterday.'), and also when it is used with estar to form a "passive of result", or stative passive (as in La carta ya está escrita 'The letter is already written.').
El chico está aburrido uses estar to express a temporary state of mind ("The boy is bored"). The same strategy is used with many adjectives to express either an inherent trait (ser) or a transitory state or condition (estar). For example: "María es guapa" uses ser to express an essential trait, meaning "María is a good-looking person."
The verbs dar (to give) and estar (to be) both exhibit irregularities in the present indicative and present subjunctive because their stems cannot be stressed (in dar the stem is just d-, in estar it was originally st-). The form dé is so written to distinguish it from the preposition de.
Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar. It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense.
When prepositions come into play, things become complicated. Structures unambiguously identifiable as cleft sentences are used. The verb ser introduces the stressed element and then there is a nominaliser. Both of these are preceded by the relevant preposition. For example: Fue a mí a quien le dio permiso = "It was me to whom he gave ...
The Spanish copulas are ser and estar.The latter developed as follows: stare → *estare → estar. The copula ser developed from two Latin verbs. Thus its inflectional paradigm is a combination: most of it derives from svm (to be) but the present subjunctive appears to come from sedeo (to sit) via the Old Spanish verb seer.
Also, the use of ser regarding a permanent location is much more accepted in Portuguese. Conversely, estar is often permanent in Spanish regarding a location, while in Portuguese, it implies being temporary or something within the immediate vicinity (same house, building, etc.) Nuestra oficina queda (or está) muy lejos. (Spanish) [quedar/estar]
Portuguese verbs have the following properties. Two numbers—singular, plural; Three persons—first, second, third; Three aspects—perfective, imperfective, progressive* ...