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A bit array is a mapping from some domain (almost always a range of integers) to values in the set {0, 1}. The values can be interpreted as dark/light, absent/present, locked/unlocked, valid/invalid, et cetera. The point is that there are only two possible values, so they can be stored in one bit.
Byte Strings are encoded as <length>:<contents>. The length is the number of bytes in the string, encoded in base 10. A colon (:) separates the length and the contents. The contents are the exact number of bytes specified by the length. Examples: An empty string is encoded as 0:. The string "bencode" is encoded as 7:bencode.
Although typically implemented in low-level languages, some high-level languages such as Python [1] and Java [2] offer native interfaces for bitstream I/O. One well-known example of a communication protocol which provides a byte-stream service to its clients is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) of the Internet protocol suite , which ...
For this reason, bit index is not affected by how the value is stored on the device, such as the value's byte order. Rather, it is a property of the numeric value in binary itself. This is often utilized in programming via bit shifting: A value of 1 << n corresponds to the n th bit of a binary integer (with a value of 2 n).
The value of n >>> s is n right-shifted s bit positions with zero-extension. In bit and shift operations, the type byte is implicitly converted to int. If the byte value is negative, the highest bit is one, then ones are used to fill up the extra bytes in the int. So byte b1 =-5; int i = b1 | 0x0200; will result in i == -5.
This is done by appending a zero byte to the transformed data, thus forming a packet consisting of the COBS-encoded data (the payload) to unambiguously mark the end of the packet. (Any other byte value may be reserved as the packet delimiter, but using zero simplifies the description.) Consistent Overhead Byte Stuffing (COBS) encoding process
The type and length are fixed in size (typically 1–4 bytes), and the value field is of variable size. These fields are used as follows: Type A binary code, often simply alphanumeric, which indicates the kind of field that this part of the message represents; Length The size of the value field (typically in bytes); Value
The values of that byte are as below (for AMF0): Number - 0x00 (Encoded as IEEE 64-bit double-precision floating point number) Boolean - 0x01 (Encoded as a single byte of value 0x00 or 0x01) String - 0x02 (16-bit integer string length with UTF-8 string) Object - 0x03 (Set of key/value pairs) Null - 0x05; ECMA Array - 0x08 (32-bit entry count)