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The host-pathogen interaction is defined as how microbes or viruses sustain themselves within host organisms on a molecular, cellular, organismal or population level. This term is most commonly used to refer to disease-causing microorganisms although they may not cause illness in all hosts. [ 1 ]
An infectious disease agent can be transmitted in two ways: as horizontal disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group) [3] by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact through air – cough or sneeze (vectors or fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical ...
Coinfection is the simultaneous infection of a host by multiple pathogen species. In virology, coinfection includes simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more virus particles. An example is the coinfection of liver cells with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus, which can arise incrementally by initial infection followed by ...
MRSA (yellow) enguled by neutrophil (purple) Photo Source: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Long-term close-knit interactions between symbiotic microbes and their host can alter host immune system responses to other microorganisms, including pathogens, and are required to maintain proper homeostasis. [1]
The raw data from a sequencing platform is usually cleaned, trimmed, and filtered to remove low-quality and duplicate reads. Removal of the host genome/transcriptome reads is performed to decrease background noise (e.g., host and environmental reads) and increase the frequency of pathogen reads. This step will also decrease downstream analysis ...
In biology, a pathogen (Greek: πάθος, pathos "suffering", "passion" and -γενής, -genēs "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. [1] The term pathogen came into use in the 1880s.
The Pathogen-Host Interactions database (PHI-base) [1] is a biological database that contains manually curated information on genes experimentally proven to affect the outcome of pathogen-host interactions. The database has been maintained by researchers at Rothamsted Research and external collaborators since 2005.
Kyuranger is considered the fifth space-themed series [a] whose primary motifs are constellations and Greco-Roman mythology, and it is also the first Super Sentai series to introduce nine regular members in the beginning instead of five or fewer like previous installments. The team later gains three additional members, increasing the number to ...